Gene polymorphisms of adiponectin and leptin receptor are associated with early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Taiwanese population.

Abstract

Adipocytokine genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and the leptin receptor (LEPR) affect glucose and fatty acid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and variability within these two genes in the Han Chinese population of Taiwan. A cross-sectional study of 999 patients from the Han Chinese population of Taiwan with early-onset T2DM (n=264; age at diagnosis, 20 to <45 years) and late-onset T2DM (n=735; age at diagnosis, ~45 years) was performed. Blood samples from T2DM patients were taken for DNA extraction, and levels of serological markers were measured at enrollment. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping (three SNPs in AIDPOQ and four SNPs in LEPR) by polymerase chain reaction in each patient. Polymorphisms at the position rs10937273 in ADIPOQ and at the positions rs1892534 and rs2211651 in LEPR were statistically associated with early-onset T2DM (P=0.0246, 0.0014 and 0.0012, respectively). C-reactive protein levels were significantly different among the early-onset T2DM patients with different genotypes at the SNPs rs1892534 and rs2211651 in LEPR (P=0.003 and P=0.004, respectively). In addition, fasting glucose levels were also significantly different among different genotypes at the SNP rs1892534 in LEPR (P=0.038). We conclude that the polymorphisms in the adipocytokine genes ADIPOQ and LEPR are significantly associated with the age at diagnosis of T2DM in the Han Chinese population of Taiwan.