NIR-to-NIR two-photon excited CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles: multifunctional nanoprobes for highly penetrating fluorescence bio-imaging.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 21957870.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/nn202490m.
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Abstract
In this study, we report on the remarkable two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency in the "biological window" of CaF(2):Tm(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles. On the basis of the strong Tm(3+) ion emission (at around 800 nm), tissue penetration depths as large as 2 mm have been demonstrated, which are more than 4 times those achievable based on the visible emissions in comparable CaF(2):Er(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles. The outstanding penetration depth, together with the fluorescence thermal sensitivity demonstrated here, makes CaF(2):Tm(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles ideal candidates as multifunctional nanoprobes for high contrast and highly penetrating in vivo fluorescence imaging applications.
Medical subject headings
- Calcium Fluoride
- Infrared Rays
- Molecular Imaging
- Nanoparticles
- Photons
- Thulium
- Ytterbium