Application of Variable Life Adjusted Display (VLAD) to risk-adjusted mortality of esophagogastric cancer surgery.

Abstract

In the new era of revalidation, there is an increasing need to measure surgical outcome objectively. We apply a graphical method, the Variable Life Adjusted Display (VLAD), to esophagogastric resection for malignancy. This technique charts the cumulative difference between expected and actual risk-adjusted mortality over time, allowing observation of performance trends irrespective of case-mix. P-POSSUM was applied retrospectively to 182 consecutive patients who underwent resection for esophageal or gastric malignancy in a district general hospital. The primary outcome measured was 30-day mortality. A total of 168 patients were eligible for inclusion, with a median age of 68 years. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 4.2% compared with 7.1% as predicted by P-POSSUM. The resulting VLAD plot demonstrates an upward trend of better than predicted surgical performance. VLAD has been hereby applied to esophagogastric surgery and has graphically demonstrated risk-adjusted trends in a single general surgeon's performance. For qualitative comparative purposes, including recertification, VLAD is judged to be a simple, directly interpretable, and useful technique for monitoring surgical performance.