Insulin sensitivity in alcoholics in a withdrawal state.

Abstract

Insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic alcoholics in a withdrawal state was investigated using a euglycaemic clamp technique on two occasions with an interval of 1 week. Insulin was infused at a rate of 40 mU m-2 min-1 (n = 9) and 20 mU m-2 min-1 (n = 9). Hepatic glucose production was estimated with tritiated glucose in six subjects. The fasting glucose level at the first examination, 5.1 +/- 0.2 mmol l-1, exceeded that found at the second examination, 4.7 +/- 0.1 mmol l-1 (P less than 0.05), although the C-peptide concentration was higher at the first examination (2.7 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.2 ng ml-1; P less than 0.001). Both glucose uptake (5.0 +/- 0.6 vs 6.2 +/- 0.7 mg kg-1 min-1; P less than 0.05) and tissue sensitivity (M/I; 0.08 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.1 +/- 0.02 mg kg-1 min-1/mU l-1; P less than 0.05) increased between the first and second euglycaemic clamp (40 mU m-2 min-1). At the low insulin infusion rate (20 mU m-2 min-1), the tissue sensitivity to insulin increased (0.09 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.13 +/- 0.02 mg kg-1 min-1/mU l-1; P less than 0.05). Hepatic glucose production did not change during the examination period (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.1 mg kg-1 min-1), neither was there a change in the suppression of hepatic glucose output during hyperinsulinaemia (40 mU m-2 min-1). Our findings indicate that, in non-diabetic alcoholics, insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues is decreased during the early part of a withdrawal period.