For breast cancer prognosis, immunoglobulin kappa chain surfaces to the top.

Whiteside, Theresa L; Ferrone, Soldano · Clin Cancer Res · 2012

review · Level V

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Abstract

The stromal immunoglobulin kappa chain (IGKC) has been validated as an immunologic biomarker of prognosis and response to therapy in human breast cancer and other cancers. This validation emphasizes the key role of humoral immunity in control of cancer progression and has major implications for determining prognosis of patients with cancer.

Medical subject headings