Quantum-enhanced optical-phase tracking.

Yonezawa, Hidehiro; Nakane, Daisuke; Wheatley, Trevor A; Iwasawa, Kohjiro; Takeda, Shuntaro; Arao, Hajime; Ohki, Kentaro; Tsumura, Koji et al. · Science · 2012

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Tracking a randomly varying optical phase is a key task in metrology, with applications in optical communication. The best precision for optical-phase tracking has until now been limited by the quantum vacuum fluctuations of coherent light. Here, we surpass this coherent-state limit by using a continuous-wave beam in a phase-squeezed quantum state. Unlike in previous squeezing-enhanced metrology, restricted to phases with very small variation, the best tracking precision (for a fixed light intensity) is achieved for a finite degree of squeezing because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. By optimizing the squeezing, we track the phase with a mean square error 15 ± 4% below the coherent-state limit.