Counterclockwise exit of cardiac pacemaker leads: sign of pulse-generator flip.

Karis, J P; Ravin, C E · Radiology · 1990

case_report · Level V

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Abstract

Clockwise exit of pacing leads from transvenous cardiac pacemakers is generally essential for proper function. The authors report a case in which counterclockwise exit of the pacing leads signified a 180 degree flip of the pulse generator. Three types of pacing system malfunction can result from pacemaker flip.

Medical subject headings