An analysis of immunocomplexes for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer.

Abstract

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer by analysis of immune complexes (IC) with a specific polyclonal antibody. Human colon cancer cells were grown in a capillary culture system to provide unaltered antigens for the development of a specific antibody. The antibody was labeled with iodine 125 (125I) and used to analyze the antigen component of IC removed from whole serum. The assay was positive in 50% and 88% of known Dukes' A and Dukes' B colon cancer patients, respectively. It was also positive for only 25% of Dukes' C and 14% of Dukes' D patients, possibly because of the decreased quantity of specific IC found in the late stages of colon cancer. A blind study of patients referred for colonoscopy compared pathology diagnosis with the test results. The assay was positive for one patient with a polypoid adenocarcinoma (Dukes' B) and one with a villous adenoma and negative for 38 patients with benign polyps and 43 with no polyps. The assay was negative for all patients with stomach cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases and positive for about 10% of the patients with pancreas or breast cancer. The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that this radioimmunoassay may be useful for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer.