The musculoskeletal effects of cigarette smoking.
review · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 23636193.
- Also identified by DOI 10.2106/JBJS.L.00375.
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Abstract
➤ Cigarette smoking decreases bone mineral density and increases the risk of sustaining a fracture or tendon injury, with partial reversibility of these risks with long-term cessation of smoking. ➤ Cigarette smoking increases the risk for perioperative complications, nonunion and delayed union of fractures, infection, and soft-tissue and wound-healing complications. ➤ Brief preoperative cessation of smoking may mitigate these perioperative risks. ➤ Informed-consent discussions should include notification of the higher risk of perioperative complications with cigarette smoking and the benefits of temporary cessation of smoking.
Medical subject headings
- Bone and Bones
- Fractures, Bone
- Musculoskeletal Diseases
- Musculoskeletal System
- Smoking
- Wound Healing