Spinal opioids in the management of acute and postoperative pain.
review · Level V
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Abstract
The use of spinal opioids in the management of acute pain is now widely accepted. The development of acute pain services has provided standardized approaches to the management of this modality. This article discusses technical considerations, monitoring, and benefits of this approach.
Medical subject headings
- Analgesia, Epidural
- Narcotics
- Postoperative Pain