Phase diagram of the topological superfluid 3He confined in a nanoscale slab geometry.

Levitin, L V; Bennett, R G; Casey, A; Cowan, B; Saunders, J; Drung, D; Schurig, Th; Parpia, J M · Science · 2013

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The superfluid phases of helium-3 ((3)He) are predicted to be strongly influenced by mesoscopic confinement. However, mapping out the phase diagram in a confined geometry has been experimentally challenging. We confined a sample of (3)He within a nanofluidic cavity of precisely defined geometry, cooled it, and fingerprinted the order parameter using a sensitive nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The measured suppression of the p-wave order parameter arising from surface scattering was consistent with the predictions of quasi-classical theory. Controlled confinement of nanofluidic samples provides a new laboratory for the study of topological superfluids and their surface- and edge-bound excitations.