Space- and time-resolved mapping of ionic dynamic and electroresistive phenomena in lateral devices.

Strelcov, Evgheni; Jesse, Stephen; Huang, Yen-Lin; Teng, Yung-Chun; Kravchenko, Ivan I; Chu, Ying-Hao; Kalinin, Sergei V · ACS Nano · 2013

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

A scanning probe microscopy-based technique for probing local ionic and electronic transport and their dynamic behavior on the 10 ms to 10 s scale is presented. The time-resolved Kelvin probe force microscopy (tr-KPFM) allows mapping of surface potential in both space and time domains, visualizing electronic and ionic charge dynamics and separating underlying processes based on their time responses. Here, tr-KPFM is employed to explore the interplay of the adsorbed surface ions and bulk oxygen vacancies and their role in the resistive switching in a Ca-substituted bismuth ferrite thin film.