Foot compartment syndrome: diagnosis and management.

Abstract

Although uncommon, foot compartment syndrome (FCS) is a distinct clinical entity that typically results from high-energy fractures and crush injuries. In the literature, the reported number of anatomic compartments in the foot has ranged from 3 to 10, and the clinical relevance of these compartments has recently been investigated. Diagnosis of FCS can be challenging because the signs and symptoms are less reliable indicators than those of compartment syndrome in other areas of the body. This may lead to a delay in diagnosis. The role of fasciotomy in management of FCS has been debated, but no high-level evidence exists to guide decision making. Nevertheless, emergent fasciotomy is commonly recommended with the goal of preventing chronic pain and deformity. Surgical intervention may also be necessary for the correction of secondary deformity.