MDCT evaluation of ureteral tumors: advantages of 3D reconstruction and volume visualization.

Abstract

This article reviews the use of CT urography in diagnosing ureteral transitional cell carcinomas, different CT urography protocols, CT findings suggestive of ureteral malignancy, and the importance of 3D reconstructions. The ureters can be problematic to evaluate on CT, partly because of difficulties in obtaining adequate ureteral distention and opacification. Proper diagnosis hinges not only on appropriate interpretation of the axial images but also on the utilization of a 3D technique (volume rendering or maximum intensity projection) as an ancillary tool.