Pain management in a patient with renal and hepatic dysfunction.

Abstract

Palliative medicine providers are often consulted to provide guidance for pain relief for a diverse population. End-of-life care is often challenging, balancing optimum pain relief with minimal side effects. Patients with both renal and hepatic dysfunction are particularly challenging when considering appropriate treatments. This case discussion highlights an end-of-life pain symptom management challenge, and the associated pharmacological background. Ultimately, with no ideal pharmaceutical option, individualization of therapy will be crucial. Collaboration of palliative medicine providers and pharmacists may concurrently provide the best possible care at the best possible time and in the optimal location.