Albuminuria: when urine predicts kidney and cardiovascular disease.

Stephen, Reejis; Jolly, Stacey E; Nally, Joseph V; Navaneethan, Sankar D · Cleve Clin J Med · 2014

review · Level V

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Abstract

Albuminuria is common. Traditionally considered a precursor to diabetic nephropathy, it has now been directly linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and death, independent of other risk factors. In this review, we compare the measures of albuminuria, examine the evidence linking it to renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and death, and provide recommendations for its testing and management.

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