Local and nonlocal Fraunhofer-like pattern from an edge-stepped topological surface Josephson current distribution.

Lee, Jae Hyeong; Lee, Gil-Ho; Park, Joonbum; Lee, Janghee; Nam, Seung-Geol; Shin, Yun-Sok; Kim, Jun Sung; Lee, Hu-Jong · Nano Lett · 2014

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

We report a surface-dominant Josephson effect in superconductor-topological insulator-superconductor (S-TI-S) devices, where a Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 (BSTS) crystal flake was adopted as an intervening TI between Al superconducting electrodes. We observed a Fraunhofer-type critical current modulation in a perpendicular magnetic field in an Al-TI-Al junction for both local and nonlocal current biasing. Fraunhofer-type modulation of the differential resistance was also observed in a neighboring Au-TI-Au normal junction when it was nonlocally biased by the Al-TI-Al junction. In all cases, the Fraunhofer-like signal was highly robust to the magnetic field up to the critical field of the Al electrodes, corresponding to the edge-stepped nonuniform supercurrent density arising from the top and rough side surfaces of the BSTS flake, which strongly suggests that the Josephson coupling in a TI is established through the surface conducting channels that are topologically protected.