Novel coding, translation, and gene expression of a replicating covalently closed circular RNA of 220 nt.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 25253891.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1073/pnas.1402814111 and PMC identifier 4209996.
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Abstract
The highly structured (64% GC) covalently closed circular (CCC) RNA (220 nt) of the virusoid associated with rice yellow mottle virus codes for a 16-kDa highly basic protein using novel modalities for coding, translation, and gene expression. This CCC RNA is the smallest among all known viroids and virusoids and the only one that codes proteins. Its sequence possesses an internal ribosome entry site and is directly translated through two (or three) completely overlapping ORFs (shifting to a new reading frame at the end of each round). The initiation and termination codons overlap UGAUGA (underline highlights the initiation codon AUG within the combined initiation-termination sequence). Termination codons can be ignored to obtain larger read-through proteins. This circular RNA with no noncoding sequences is a unique natural supercompact "nanogenome."
Medical subject headings
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Open Reading Frames
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA
- RNA, Viral