Prevalence of and factors associated with increased arterial stiffness in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Abstract

To compare the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis measured by means of pulse wave velocity (PWV) in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) versus a healthy age- and sex-matched control group, and to identify factors independently associated with PWV in primary SS. Forty-four women with primary SS and 78 age-matched healthy women without overt cardiovascular (CV) diseases were assessed for traditional and nontraditional CV risk factors. PWV was also performed. A linear regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with PWV in primary SS. Women with primary SS had significantly higher PWV than controls (P = 0.030), and the frequency of increased PWV was significantly higher in this group (25% versus 8%; P = 0.013). The proportion of patients ages ≤50 years (ratio 4.6) with increased PWV was almost 2-fold higher than those ages >50 years (ratio 2.4) with respect to controls. Positivity for anti-SSB was more frequent in patients with normal PWV than in those with increased PWV (61% versus 18%; P = 0.034). Women with primary SS and increased PWV had lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D; P = 0.047) than primary SS patients with normal PWV. In addition, 25(OH)D levels tended to correlate inversely with PWV in women with primary SS (P = 0.067), but not in controls (P = 0.97). In multivariate analysis, the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) and Sjögren's Syndrome Damage Index emerged as factors independently correlated with PWV. Women with primary SS had higher PWV than controls, but a similar FRS. The FRS and chronic damage were found to be independently associated with PWV.