Autophagy is a critical regulator of memory CD8(+) T cell formation.

Puleston, Daniel J; Zhang, Hanlin; Powell, Timothy J; Lipina, Elina; Sims, Stuart; Panse, Isabel; Watson, Alexander S; Cerundolo, Vincenzo et al. · Elife · 2014

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

During infection, CD8(+) T cells initially expand then contract, leaving a small memory pool providing long lasting immunity. While it has been described that CD8(+) T cell memory formation becomes defective in old age, the cellular mechanism is largely unknown. Autophagy is a major cellular lysosomal degradation pathway of bulk material, and levels are known to fall with age. In this study, we describe a novel role for autophagy in CD8(+) T cell memory formation. Mice lacking the autophagy gene Atg7 in T cells failed to establish CD8(+) T cell memory to influenza and MCMV infection. Interestingly, autophagy levels were diminished in CD8(+) T cells from aged mice. We could rejuvenate CD8(+) T cell responses in elderly mice in an autophagy dependent manner using the compound spermidine. This study reveals a cell intrinsic explanation for poor CD8(+) T cell memory in the elderly and potentially offers novel immune modulators to improve aged immunity.

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