Penetrating keratoplasty for corneal amyloidosis in familial amyloidosis, Finnish type.

Abstract

To analyze the outcome of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) to the first eye for corneal amyloidosis in familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF). Single-center, retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional, noncomparative case series. Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients with FAF. All patients with FAF who had their first PK in Helsinki University Eye Hospital between January 1, 1990, and August 1, 2011, were identified and a retrospective analysis of the patient charts was performed. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraoperative and postoperative complications, graft survival, reason for graft failure, and frequency of regrafting. The median follow-up period was 32 months (range, 5-114). After 24 months, the median BCVA was 1.15 on a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution scale (20/280; mean, 1.1; SD, 0.5) in comparison with the preoperative median BCVA of 1.3 (20/400; mean, 1.3; SD, 0.4). At 24 months, 3 of 18 eyes (17%) had a visual acuity of ≥0.5 (20/63) and 13 of 18 grafts (72%) were clear. Rejection occurred in 6 of 31 primary grafts (19%). Graft failure occurred in 16 of 31 eyes and resulted from surface complications in 11 eyes and additionally from rejection in 5 eyes. Seven eyes needed regrafting (twice in 1 eye). Complications were frequent in the early and late postoperative periods. Presence of preoperative corneal or graft neovascularization was an indicator of a high risk of graft failure and poor visual outcome. In a minority of FAF patients, PK improves vision. Owing to the high failure risk and guarded visual prognosis after PK, it is important that both the surgeon and the patient have realistic expectations. It may be reasonable to limit PK to cases with bilateral advanced disease. It seems reasonable to optimize ocular surface health and to delay PK.