Fast printing and in situ morphology observation of organic photovoltaics using slot-die coating.

Liu, Feng; Ferdous, Sunzida; Schaible, Eric; Hexemer, Alexander; Church, Matthew; Ding, Xiaodong; Wang, Cheng; Russell, Thomas P · Adv Mater · 2015

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The mini-slot-die coater offers a simple, convenient, materials-efficient route to print bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) that show efficiencies similar to spin-coating. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and GI small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) methods are used in real time to characterize the active-layer formation during printing. A polymer-aggregation-phase-separation-crystallization mechanism for the evolution of the morphology describes the observations.