Decreased <i>BECN1</i> mRNA Expression in Human Breast Cancer is Associated with Estrogen Receptor-Negative Subtypes and Poor Prognosis.

Abstract

Both <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>Beclin 1</i> (<i>BECN1</i>) are tumor suppressor genes, which are in close proximity on the human chromosome 17q21 breast cancer tumor susceptibility locus and are often concurrently deleted. However, their importance in sporadic human breast cancer is not known. To interrogate the effects of <i>BECN1</i> and <i>BRCA1</i> in breast cancer, we studied their mRNA expression patterns in breast cancer patients from two large datasets: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n=1067) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (n=1992). In both datasets, low expression of <i>BECN1</i> was more common in HER2-enriched and basal-like (mostly triple-negative) breast cancers compared to luminal A/B intrinsic tumor subtypes, and was also strongly associated with <i>TP53</i> mutations and advanced tumor grade. In contrast, there was no significant association between low <i>BRCA1</i> expression and HER2-enriched or basal-like subtypes, <i>TP53</i> mutations or tumor grade. In addition, low expression of <i>BECN1</i> (but not low <i>BRCA1</i>) was associated with poor prognosis, and <i>BECN1</i> (but not <i>BRCA1</i>) expression was an independent predictor of survival. These findings suggest that decreased mRNA expression of the autophagy gene <i>BECN1</i> may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of HER2-enriched, basal-like, and <i>TP53</i> mutant breast cancers.