Correlates of type and quantity of child communication during pediatric subspecialty encounters.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Understanding the factors associated with child communication during subspecialty encounters may inform interventions promoting shared decision-making in chronic disease management. Objectives were to (1) describe the quantity and quality of child communication during outpatient subspecialty encounters and (2) determine if and how the quantity and quality of child communication vary by demographic and visit characteristics. METHODS: We videotaped subspecialty clinic encounters involving 20 health care providers and 155 children with one of the following conditions: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (consolidation/maintenance), persistent asthma, cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, and obesity. The Roter interaction analysis system was used to code child utterances into one of 10 discrete categories. RESULTS: Children exhibited a mean of 15% of all utterances made during clinical encounters. Children spoke more during obesity encounters. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the findings of studies in primary care settings, children spoke infrequently during the subspecialty visits, and the most common utterances tended to be replies to questions from adults. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: In this study, there was relatively higher engagement of children during obesity clinic encounters in the area of lifestyle choices. Strategies used to engage children in conversation in obesity clinics may be useful for engaging children in other subspecialty clinics.