Rational design of efficient electrode-electrolyte interfaces for solid-state energy storage using ion soft landing.

Prabhakaran, Venkateshkumar; Mehdi, B Layla; Ditto, Jeffrey J; Engelhard, Mark H; Wang, Bingbing; Gunaratne, K Don D; Johnson, David C; Browning, Nigel D et al. · Nat Commun · 2016

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The rational design of improved electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEI) for energy storage is critically dependent on a molecular-level understanding of ionic interactions and nanoscale phenomena. The presence of non-redox active species at EEI has been shown to strongly influence Faradaic efficiency and long-term operational stability during energy storage processes. Herein, we achieve substantially higher performance and long-term stability of EEI prepared with highly dispersed discrete redox-active cluster anions (50 ng of pure ∼0.75 nm size molybdenum polyoxometalate (POM) anions on 25 μg (∼0.2 wt%) carbon nanotube (CNT) electrodes) by complete elimination of strongly coordinating non-redox species through ion soft landing (SL). Electron microscopy provides atomically resolved images of a uniform distribution of individual POM species soft landed directly on complex technologically relevant CNT electrodes. In this context, SL is established as a versatile approach for the controlled design of novel surfaces for both fundamental and applied research in energy storage.