Tensor-network algorithm for nonequilibrium relaxation in the thermodynamic limit.

Abstract

We propose a tensor-network algorithm for discrete-time stochastic dynamics of a homogeneous system in the thermodynamic limit. We map a d-dimensional nonequilibrium Markov process to a (d+1)-dimensional infinite tensor network by using a higher-order singular-value decomposition. As an application of the algorithm, we compute the nonequilibrium relaxation from a fully magnetized state to equilibrium of the one- and two-dimensional Ising models with periodic boundary conditions. Utilizing the translational invariance of the systems, we analyze the behavior in the thermodynamic limit directly. We estimated the dynamical critical exponent z=2.16(5) for the two-dimensional Ising model. Our approach fits well with the framework of the nonequilibrium-relaxation method. Our algorithm can compute time evolution of the magnetization of a large system precisely for a relatively short period. In the nonequilibrium-relaxation method, one needs to simulate dynamics of a large system for a short time. The combination of the two provides a different approach to the study of critical phenomena.