High Current Density and Low Thermal Conductivity of Atomically Thin Semimetallic WTe2.

Mleczko, Michal J; Xu, Runjie Lily; Okabe, Kye; Kuo, Hsueh-Hui; Fisher, Ian R; Wong, H-S Philip; Nishi, Yoshio; Pop, Eric · ACS Nano · 2016

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) semimetals beyond graphene have been relatively unexplored in the atomically thin limit. Here, we introduce a facile growth mechanism for semimetallic WTe2 crystals and then fabricate few-layer test structures while carefully avoiding degradation from exposure to air. Low-field electrical measurements of 80 nm to 2 μm long devices allow us to separate intrinsic and contact resistance, revealing metallic response in the thinnest encapsulated and stable WTe2 devices studied to date (3-20 layers thick). High-field electrical measurements and electrothermal modeling demonstrate that ultrathin WTe2 can carry remarkably high current density (approaching 50 MA/cm(2), higher than most common interconnect metals) despite a very low thermal conductivity (of the order ∼3 Wm(-1) K(-1)). These results suggest several pathways for air-stable technological viability of this layered semimetal.