Effects of Sodium Restriction on Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Immune Indices During HIV Infection.

Srinivasa, Suman; Burdo, Tricia H; Williams, Kenneth C; Mitten, Emilie K; Wong, Kimberly; Fitch, Kathleen V; Stanley, Takara; Adler, Gail K et al. · J Infect Dis · 2016

prospective_cohort · Level II

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients demonstrate increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We evaluated changes in immune markers with physiological RAAS activation.  Immune activation markers were assessed serially in 18 HIV-infected and 7 non-HIV-infected subjects consuming an ad libitum diet followed by a standardized low-sodium diet.  Levels of CCL-2 (P = .0004) and soluble CD163 (P = .0001) significantly increased with sodium restriction and RAAS activation, compared with levels in individuals with ad libitum sodium intake, among chronically treated HIV-infected subjects (mean duration of ART [±SEM], 11 ± 1 years), but not among non-HIV-infected subjects of similar age and sex.  Dietary sodium restriction, which activates RAAS, uniquely stimulates critical indices of immune activation during HIV infection.  NCT01407237.

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