Substitutional limit of gadolinium in β-tricalcium phosphate and its magnetic resonance imaging characteristics.

Meenambal, Rugmani; Poojar, Pavan; Geethanath, Sairam; Kannan, S · J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater · 2017

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

To compensate the limitations of bone tissue magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a series of gadolinium (Gd<sup>3+</sup> ) substituted β-Tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP, β-Ca<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> ] were developed. All the powders were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement of the XRD data and the studies confirmed the Gd<sup>3+</sup> occupancy at Ca<sup>2+</sup> (1), Ca<sup>2+</sup> (2) and Ca<sup>2+</sup> (3) lattice sites of β-Ca<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2.</sub> HR-TEM analysis revealed the spherical nature of particles with diameter about 100 nm. The Gd<sup>3+</sup> doped β-Ca<sub>3</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> exhibited non-toxic behaviour to MG-63 cells in vitro and the room temperature magnetic field versus magnetization measurements confirmed its paramagnetic behaviour. MRI analysis revelas that it shorten both T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> proton relaxation times, thus influencing both r<sub>1</sub> and r<sub>2</sub> relaxivity values that reach 61.97 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and 73.35 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2545-2552, 2017.

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