Ultrasmall and phase-pure W<sub>2</sub>C nanoparticles for efficient electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution.

Gong, Qiufang; Wang, Yu; Hu, Qi; Zhou, Jigang; Feng, Renfei; Duchesne, Paul N; Zhang, Peng; Chen, Fengjiao et al. · Nat Commun · 2016

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Earlier research has been primarily focused on WC as one of the most promising earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), whereas the other compound in this carbide family-W<sub>2</sub>C-has received far less attention. Our theoretical calculations suggest that such a focus is misplaced and W<sub>2</sub>C is potentially more HER-active than WC. Nevertheless, the preparation of phase pure and sintering-free W<sub>2</sub>C nanostructures represents a formidable challenge. Here we develop an improved carburization method and successfully prepare ultrasmall and phase-pure W<sub>2</sub>C nanoparticles. When evaluated for HER electrocatalysis, W<sub>2</sub>C nanoparticles exhibit a small onset overpotential of 50 mV, a Tafel slope of 45 mV dec<sup>-1</sup> and outstanding long-term cycling stability, which are dramatically improved over all existing WC-based materials. In addition, the integration of W<sub>2</sub>C nanoparticles with p-type Si nanowires enables highly active and sustainable solar-driven hydrogen production. Our results highlight the great potential of this traditionally non-popular material in HER electrocatalysis.