An immunostimulatory dual-functional nanocarrier that improves cancer immunochemotherapy.

Chen, Yichao; Xia, Rui; Huang, Yixian; Zhao, Wenchen; Li, Jiang; Zhang, Xiaolan; Wang, Pengcheng; Venkataramanan, Raman et al. · Nat Commun · 2016

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Immunochemotherapy combines a chemotherapeutic agent with an immune-modulating agent and represents an attractive approach to improve cancer therapy. However, the success of immunochemotherapy is hampered by the lack of a strategy to effectively co-deliver the two therapeutics to the tumours. Here we report the development of a dual-functional, immunostimulatory nanomicellar carrier that is based on a prodrug conjugate of PEG with NLG919, an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor currently used for reversing tumour immune suppression. An Fmoc group, an effective drug-interactive motif, is also introduced into the carrier to improve the drug loading capacity and formulation stability. We show that PEG<sub>2k</sub>-Fmoc-NLG alone is effective in enhancing T-cell immune responses and exhibits significant antitumour activity in vivo. More importantly, systemic delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) using the PEG<sub>2k</sub>-Fmoc-NLG nanocarrier leads to a significantly improved antitumour response in both breast cancer and melanoma mouse models.

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