Recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂ due to enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake.

Abstract

Terrestrial ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle and offset a large fraction of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. The terrestrial carbon sink is increasing, yet the mechanisms responsible for its enhancement, and implications for the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂, remain unclear. Here using global carbon budget estimates, ground, atmospheric and satellite observations, and multiple global vegetation models, we report a recent pause in the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂, and a decline in the fraction of anthropogenic emissions that remain in the atmosphere, despite increasing anthropogenic emissions. We attribute the observed decline to increases in the terrestrial sink during the past decade, associated with the effects of rising atmospheric CO₂ on vegetation and the slowdown in the rate of warming on global respiration. The pause in the atmospheric CO₂ growth rate provides further evidence of the roles of CO₂ fertilization and warming-induced respiration, and highlights the need to protect both existing carbon stocks and regions, where the sink is growing rapidly.