Neuroendocrine modulation sustains the <i>C. elegans</i> forward motor state.

Lim, Maria A; Chitturi, Jyothsna; Laskova, Valeriya; Meng, Jun; Findeis, Daniel; Wiekenberg, Anne; Mulcahy, Ben; Luo, Linjiao et al. · Elife · 2016

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Neuromodulators shape neural circuit dynamics. Combining electron microscopy, genetics, transcriptome profiling, calcium imaging, and optogenetics, we discovered a peptidergic neuron that modulates <i>C. elegans</i> motor circuit dynamics. The Six/SO-family homeobox transcription factor UNC-39 governs lineage-specific neurogenesis to give rise to a neuron RID. RID bears the anatomic hallmarks of a specialized endocrine neuron: it harbors near-exclusive dense core vesicles that cluster periodically along the axon, and expresses multiple neuropeptides, including the FMRF-amide-related FLP-14. RID activity increases during forward movement. Ablating RID reduces the sustainability of forward movement, a phenotype partially recapitulated by removing FLP-14. Optogenetic depolarization of RID prolongs forward movement, an effect reduced in the absence of FLP-14. Together, these results establish the role of a neuroendocrine cell RID in sustaining a specific behavioral state in <i>C. elegans</i>.

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