Work extraction and energy storage in the Dicke model.

Abstract

We study work extraction from the Dicke model achieved using simple unitary cyclic transformations keeping into account both a nonoptimal unitary protocol and the energetic cost of creating the initial state. By analyzing the role of entanglement, we find that highly entangled states can be inefficient for energy storage when considering the energetic cost of creating the state. Such a surprising result holds notwithstanding the fact that the criticality of the model at hand can sensibly improve the extraction of work. While showing the advantages of using a many-body system for work extraction, our results demonstrate that entanglement is not necessarily advantageous for energy storage purposes, when nonoptimal processes are considered. Our work shows the importance of better understanding the complex interconnections between nonequilibrium thermodynamics of quantum systems and correlations among their subparts.