Structural basis for the inhibition of RecBCD by Gam and its synergistic antibacterial effect with quinolones.

Wilkinson, Martin; Troman, Luca; Wan Nur Ismah, Wan Ak; Chaban, Yuriy; Avison, Matthew B; Dillingham, Mark S; Wigley, Dale B · Elife · 2016

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Our previous paper (Wilkinson <i>et al</i>, 2016) used high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy to solve the structure of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> RecBCD complex, which acts in both the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and the degradation of bacteriophage DNA. To counteract the latter activity, bacteriophage λ encodes a small protein inhibitor called Gam that binds to RecBCD and inactivates the complex. Here, we show that Gam inhibits RecBCD by competing at the DNA-binding site. The interaction surface is extensive and involves molecular mimicry of the DNA substrate. We also show that expression of Gam in <i>E. coli</i> or <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> increases sensitivity to fluoroquinolones; antibacterials that kill cells by inhibiting topoisomerases and inducing double-stranded DNA breaks. Furthermore, fluoroquinolone-resistance in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> clinical isolates is reversed by expression of Gam. Together, our data explain the synthetic lethality observed between topoisomerase-induced DNA breaks and the RecBCD gene products, suggesting a new co-antibacterial strategy.

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