Thermal engineering of FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite material via radiative thermal annealing and in situ XRD.
basic_science · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 28094249.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1038/ncomms14075 and PMC identifier 5247577.
- Licence recorded as CC BY.
- The licence permits redistribution, so the abstract is shown in full and the full text is available from the publisher.
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as successful optoelectronic materials with high photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies and low material cost. However, substantial challenges remain in the scalability, stability and fundamental understanding of the materials. Here we present the application of radiative thermal annealing, an easily scalable processing method for synthesizing formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite solar absorbers. Devices fabricated from films formed via radiative thermal annealing have equivalent efficiencies to those annealed using a conventional hotplate. By coupling results from in situ X-ray diffraction using a radiative thermal annealing system with device performances, we mapped the processing phase space of FAPbI<sub>3</sub> and corresponding device efficiencies. Our map of processing-structure-performance space suggests the commonly used FAPbI<sub>3</sub> annealing time, 10 min at 170 °C, can be significantly reduced to 40 s at 170 °C without affecting the photovoltaic performance. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami model was used to determine the activation energy for decomposition of FAPbI<sub>3</sub> into PbI<sub>2</sub>.