Folding behavior of a T-shaped, ribosome-binding translation enhancer implicated in a wide-spread conformational switch.

Le, My-Tra; Kasprzak, Wojciech K; Kim, Taejin; Gao, Feng; Young, Megan Yl; Yuan, Xuefeng; Shapiro, Bruce A; Seog, Joonil et al. · Elife · 2017

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Turnip crinkle virus contains a T-shaped, ribosome-binding, translation enhancer (TSS) in its 3'UTR that serves as a hub for interactions throughout the region. The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) causes the TSS/surrounding region to undergo a conformational shift postulated to inhibit translation. Using optical tweezers (OT) and steered molecular dynamic simulations (SMD), we found that the unusual stability of pseudoknotted element H4a/Ψ<sub>3</sub> required five upstream adenylates, and H4a/Ψ<sub>3</sub> was necessary for cooperative association of two other hairpins (H5/H4b) in Mg<sup>2+</sup>. SMD recapitulated the TSS unfolding order in the absence of Mg<sup>2+</sup>, showed dependence of the resistance to pulling on the 3D orientation and gave structural insights into the measured contour lengths of the TSS structure elements. Adenylate mutations eliminated one-site RdRp binding to the 3'UTR, suggesting that RdRp binding to the adenylates disrupts H4a/Ψ<sub>3</sub>, leading to loss of H5/H4b interaction and promoting a conformational switch interrupting translation and promoting replication.

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