Zero-gap semiconductor to excitonic insulator transition in Ta<sub>2</sub>NiSe<sub>5</sub>.

Lu, Y F; Kono, H; Larkin, T I; Rost, A W; Takayama, T; Boris, A V; Keimer, B; Takagi, H · Nat Commun · 2017

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

The excitonic insulator is a long conjectured correlated electron phase of narrow-gap semiconductors and semimetals, driven by weakly screened electron-hole interactions. Having been proposed more than 50 years ago, conclusive experimental evidence for its existence remains elusive. Ta<sub>2</sub>NiSe<sub>5</sub> is a narrow-gap semiconductor with a small one-electron bandgap E<sub>G</sub> of <50 meV. Below T<sub>C</sub>=326 K, a putative excitonic insulator is stabilized. Here we report an optical excitation gap E<sub>op</sub> ∼0.16 eV below T<sub>C</sub> comparable to the estimated exciton binding energy E<sub>B</sub>. Specific heat measurements show the entropy associated with the transition being consistent with a primarily electronic origin. To further explore this physics, we map the T<sub>C</sub>-E<sub>G</sub> phase diagram tuning E<sub>G</sub> via chemical and physical pressure. The dome-like behaviour around E<sub>G</sub>∼0 combined with our transport, thermodynamic and optical results are fully consistent with an excitonic insulator phase in Ta<sub>2</sub>NiSe<sub>5</sub>.