The immunology of atopic dermatitis and its reversibility with broad-spectrum and targeted therapies.
review · Level V
Where this comes from
- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 28390479.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.011 and PMC identifier 5405702.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is driven by both terminal keratinocyte differentiation defects and strong type 2 immune responses. In contrast to chronic plaque-type psoriasis, AD is now understood to be a much more heterogeneous disease, with additional activation of T<sub>H</sub>22, T<sub>H</sub>17/IL-23, and T<sub>H</sub>1 cytokine pathways depending on the subtype of the disease. In this review we discuss our current understanding of the AD immune map in both patients with early-onset and those with chronic disease. Clinical studies with broad and targeted therapeutics have helped to elucidate the contribution of various immune axes to the disease phenotype. Importantly, immune activation extends well beyond lesional AD because nonlesional skin and the blood component harbor AD-specific inflammatory changes. For this reason, future therapeutics will need to focus on a systemic treatment approach, especially in patients with moderate-to-severe disease.
Medical subject headings
- Dermatitis, Atopic
- Keratinocytes
- Th17 Cells
- Th2 Cells