A Robust and Conductive Black Tin Oxide Nanostructure Makes Efficient Lithium-Ion Batteries Possible.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 28429506.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1002/adma.201700136.
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Abstract
SnO<sub>2</sub> -based lithium-ion batteries have low cost and high energy density, but their capacity fades rapidly during lithiation/delithiation due to phase aggregation and cracking. These problems can be mitigated by using highly conducting black SnO<sub>2-</sub><sub>x</sub> , which homogenizes the redox reactions and stabilizes fine, fracture-resistant Sn precipitates in the Li<sub>2</sub> O matrix. Such fine Sn precipitates and their ample contact with Li<sub>2</sub> O proliferate the reversible Sn → Li <sub>x</sub> Sn → Sn → SnO<sub>2</sub> /SnO<sub>2-</sub><sub>x</sub> cycle during charging/discharging. SnO<sub>2-</sub><sub>x</sub> electrode has a reversible capacity of 1340 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> and retains 590 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> after 100 cycles. The addition of highly conductive, well-dispersed reduced graphene oxide further stabilizes and improves its performance, allowing 950 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> remaining after 100 cycles at 0.2 A g<sup>-1</sup> with 700 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 2.0 A g<sup>-1</sup> . Conductivity-directed microstructure development may offer a new approach to form advanced electrodes.