Ilmenite Nanotubes for High Stability and High Rate Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes.
basic_science · Level V
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- Record sourced from PubMed, PMID 28471641.
- Also identified by DOI 10.1021/acsnano.7b02136.
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Abstract
To solve the problem of large volume change and low electronic conductivity of earth-abundant ilmenite used in rechargeable Na-ion batteries (SIBs), an anode of tiny ilmenite FeTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticle embedded carbon nanotubes (FTO⊂CNTs) has been successfully proposed. By introducing a TiO<sub>2</sub> shell on metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF) nanorods by sol-gel deposition and subsequent solid-state annealing treatment of these core-shell Fe-MOF@TiO<sub>2</sub>, such well-defined FTO⊂CNTs are obtained. The achieved FTO⊂CNT electrode has several distinct advantages including a hollow interior in the hybrid nanostructure, fully encapsulated ultrasmall electroactive units, flexible conductive carbon matrix, and stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) of FTO in cycles. FTO⊂CNT electrodes present an excellent cycle stability (358.8 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> after 200 cycles at 100 mA g<sup>-1</sup>) and remarkable rate capability (201.8 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 5000 mA g<sup>-1</sup>) with a high Coulombic efficiency of approximately 99%. In addition, combined with the typical Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> cathode to constitute full SIBs, the assembled FTO⊂CNT//Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> batteries are also demonstrated with superior rate capability and a long cycle life.