What can we learn from sonication results of breast implants?

Abstract

Different research groups have identified microorganisms on breast implants by sonication with significant correlation to the rate of capsular contracture. This substantiated the hypothesis of an infectious etiology of capsular contracture. However, no clinical consequence has been drawn from these results yet. Aim of this study was to review sonication results from breast implants and to evaluate the current preoperative antibiotic regime for breast-implant surgery. We compared breast implant sonication culture results from published reports and our own database. Current perioperative antibiotic recommendations were compared with the susceptibility profile of the found organisms. We found Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Propionibacteria to be the main group of microorganism found by sonication on explanted breast implants. Most guidelines recommend cephalosporins for preoperative antibiotical prophylaxis for breast-implant surgery. There is a discrepancy between antibiotic activity of commonly used antibiotics for preoperative prophylaxis of surgical site infections, and microorganisms found by sonication on breast implants, suspected to trigger the formation of capsular contracture. A targeted antibiotic prophylaxis for breast implant surgery with glycopeptides (e.g. Vancomycin) should be considered for the prevention of capsular contracture.