High-intensity training enhances executive function in children in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Abstract

Exercise-induced cognitive improvements have traditionally been observed following aerobic exercise interventions; that is, sustained sessions of moderate intensity. Here, we tested the effect of a 6 week high-intensity training (HIT) regimen on measures of cognitive control and working memory in a multicenter, randomized (1:1 allocation), placebo-controlled trial. 318 children aged 7-13 years were randomly assigned to a HIT or an active control group matched for enjoyment and motivation. In the primary analysis, we compared improvements on six cognitive tasks representing two cognitive constructs (<i>N</i> = 305). Secondary outcomes included genetic data and physiological measurements. The 6-week HIT regimen resulted in improvements on measures of cognitive control [BF_M = 3.38, <i>g</i> = 0.31 (0.09, 0.54)] and working memory [BF_M = 5233.68, <i>g</i> = 0.54 (0.31, 0.77)], moderated by <i>BDNF</i> genotype, with met⁶⁶ carriers showing larger gains post-exercise than val⁶⁶ homozygotes. This study suggests a promising alternative to enhance cognition, via short and potent exercise regimens. Funded by Centre for Brain Research. NCT03255499.