Out-of-Plane Piezoelectricity and Ferroelectricity in Layered α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Nanoflakes.

Zhou, Yu; Wu, Di; Zhu, Yihan; Cho, Yujin; He, Qing; Yang, Xiao; Herrera, Kevin; Chu, Zhaodong et al. · Nano Lett · 2017

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties in the two-dimensional (2D) limit are highly desired for nanoelectronic, electromechanical, and optoelectronic applications. Here we report the first experimental evidence of out-of-plane piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in van der Waals layered α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> nanoflakes. The noncentrosymmetric R3m symmetry of the α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> samples is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy, second-harmonic generation, and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Domains with opposite polarizations are visualized by piezo-response force microscopy. Single-point poling experiments suggest that the polarization is potentially switchable for α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> nanoflakes with thicknesses down to ∼10 nm. The piezotronic effect is demonstrated in two-terminal devices, where the Schottky barrier can be modulated by the strain-induced piezopotential. Our work on polar α-In<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>, one of the model 2D piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics with simple crystal structures, shows its great potential in electronic and photonic applications.