Giant thermal expansion and α-precipitation pathways in Ti-alloys.

Bönisch, Matthias; Panigrahi, Ajit; Stoica, Mihai; Calin, Mariana; Ahrens, Eike; Zehetbauer, Michael; Skrotzki, Werner; Eckert, Jürgen · Nat Commun · 2017

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Ti-alloys represent the principal structural materials in both aerospace development and metallic biomaterials. Key to optimizing their mechanical and functional behaviour is in-depth know-how of their phases and the complex interplay of diffusive vs. displacive phase transformations to permit the tailoring of intricate microstructures across a wide spectrum of configurations. Here, we report on structural changes and phase transformations of Ti-Nb alloys during heating by in situ synchrotron diffraction. These materials exhibit anisotropic thermal expansion yielding some of the largest linear expansion coefficients (+ 163.9×10<sup>-6</sup> to -95.1×10<sup>-6</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>) ever reported. Moreover, we describe two pathways leading to the precipitation of the α-phase mediated by diffusion-based orthorhombic structures, α″<sub>lean</sub> and α″<sub>iso</sub>. Via coupling the lattice parameters to composition both phases evolve into α through rejection of Nb. These findings have the potential to promote new microstructural design approaches for Ti-Nb alloys and β-stabilized Ti-alloys in general.