Full-scale evaluation of methane production under oxic conditions in a mesotrophic lake.

Donis, D; Flury, S; Stöckli, A; Spangenberg, J E; Vachon, D; McGinnis, D F · Nat Commun · 2017

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Oxic lake surface waters are frequently oversaturated with methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). The contribution to the global CH<sub>4</sub> cycle is significant, thus leading to an increasing number of studies and stimulating debates. Here we show, using a mass balance, on a temperate, mesotrophic lake, that ~90% of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions to the atmosphere is due to CH<sub>4</sub> produced within the oxic surface mixed layer (SML) during the stratified period, while the often observed CH<sub>4</sub> maximum at the thermocline represents only a physically driven accumulation. Negligible surface CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation suggests that the produced 110 ± 60 nmol CH<sub>4</sub> L<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> efficiently escapes to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope ratios indicate that CH<sub>4</sub> in the SML is distinct from sedimentary CH<sub>4</sub> production, suggesting alternative pathways and precursors. Our approach reveals CH<sub>4</sub> production in the epilimnion that is currently overlooked, and that research on possible mechanisms behind the methane paradox should additionally focus on the lake surface layer.