Strong modulation of second-harmonic generation with very large contrast in semiconducting CdS via high-field domain.

Ren, Ming-Liang; Berger, Jacob S; Liu, Wenjing; Liu, Gerui; Agarwal, Ritesh · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

Dynamic control of nonlinear signals is critical for a wide variety of optoelectronic applications, such as signal processing for optical computing. However, controlling nonlinear optical signals with large modulation strengths and near-perfect contrast remains a challenging problem due to intrinsic second-order nonlinear coefficients via bulk or surface contributions. Here, via electrical control, we turn on and tune second-order nonlinear coefficients in semiconducting CdS nanobelts from zero to up to 151 pm V<sup>-1</sup>, a value higher than other intrinsic nonlinear coefficients in CdS. We also observe ultrahigh ON/OFF ratio of >10<sup>4</sup> and modulation strengths ~200% V<sup>-1</sup> of the nonlinear signal. The unusual nonlinear behavior, including super-quadratic voltage and power dependence, is ascribed to the high-field domain, which can be further controlled by near-infrared optical excitation and electrical gating. The ability to electrically control nonlinear optical signals in nanostructures can enable optoelectronic devices such as optical transistors and modulators for on-chip integrated photonics.