IL-6 receptor blockade corrects defects of XIAP-deficient regulatory T cells.

Hsieh, Wan-Chen; Hsu, Tzu-Sheng; Chang, Ya-Jen; Lai, Ming-Zong · Nat Commun · 2018

basic_science · Level V

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Abstract

X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type-2 (XLP-2) is a primary immunodeficiency disease attributed to XIAP mutation and is triggered by infection. Here, we show that mouse Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> regulatory T (Treg) cells and human XIAP-deficient Treg cells are defective in suppressive function. The Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> Treg cell defect is linked partly to decreased SOCS1 expression. XIAP binds SOCS1 and promotes SOCS1 stabilization. Foxp3 stability is reduced in Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> Treg cells. In addition, Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> Treg cells are prone to IFN-γ secretion. Transfer of wild-type Treg cells partly rescues infection-induced inflammation in Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Notably, inflammation-induced reprogramming of Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> Treg cells can be prevented by blockade of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and a combination of anti-IL-6R and Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> Treg cells confers survival to inflammatory infection in Xiap<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Our results suggest that XLP-2 can be corrected by combination treatment with autologous iTreg (induced Treg) cells and anti-IL-6R antibody, bypassing the necessity to transduce Treg cells with XIAP.

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