Mixed Valence Perovskite Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ : A Potential Material for Thin-Film Pb-Free Photovoltaic Cells with Ultrahigh Efficiency.

Abstract

New light is shed on the previously known perovskite material, Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ , as a potential active material for high-efficiency thin-film Pb-free photovoltaic cells. First-principles calculations demonstrate that Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ has an optimal band gap that is close to the Shockley-Queisser value. The band gap size is governed by intermediate band formation. Charge disproportionation on Au makes Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ a double-perovskite material, although it is stoichiometrically a single perovskite. In contrast to most previously discussed double perovskites, Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ has a direct-band-gap feature, and optical simulation predicts that a very thin layer of active material is sufficient to achieve a high photoconversion efficiency using a polycrystalline film layer. The already confirmed synthesizability of this material, coupled with the state-of-the-art multiscale simulations connecting from the material to the device, strongly suggests that Cs₂ Au₂ I₆ will serve as the active material in highly efficient, nontoxic, and thin-film perovskite solar cells in the very near future.