Articular Incongruity in the Lower Extremity: How Much Is Too Much?

Abstract

Intraarticular fractures carry a significant risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and this risk varies across different joint surfaces of the lower extremity. These differences are likely due to the anatomic and biomechanical specifics of each joint surface. High-quality human studies are lacking to delineate the threshold articular incongruity that significantly increases risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis and diminished clinical outcomes for many joint surfaces. Even with anatomic reduction of the articular surface, close attention must be paid to mechanical axis and joint stability to optimize outcomes.